Refractory minerals are a group of materials that are able to withstand high temperatures and harsh conditions without undergoing significant physical or chemical changes. They are commonly used in industries such as metallurgy, ceramics, and cement production where they are exposed to extreme heat and corrosive environments. Refractory minerals include materials such as alumina, silica, magnesia, zirconia, and chromite. Research in this area focuses on developing new refractory materials with improved properties, understanding the behavior of existing materials at high temperatures, and optimizing their performance in various industrial applications.